Portland Cement

Steps in manufacturing cement are grinding /mixing of raw materials, burning in rotary at 1450°C to change raw mixture to cement clinker, cooling-grinding-sieving, and storing-packing-distributing.

Principal compound of cement are as Tricalcium Silicate, Dicalcium Silicate, Tricalcium aluminate and Tritracalcium aluminoferit.

Sodium oxide and Potassium oxide cause alkali silica reaction. TCA has poor sulfate resistance and cementing property result in higher heat of hydration and increase shrinkage volume. It attacked by sulphates when harden and form sulphoaluminate that later combined with Portlandite to formed ettrungate and monosulfate. TCAF reacts with gypsum to form calcium sulphoferrite that accelerate hydration.

TCS and DCS are responsible for cement strength.

Four main hydration products are Calcium Silicate Hydrate, Calcium Hydroxide, Ettringate and Monosulfate.

[explain components and effects]
Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement: Low TCA to avoid sulphate attack
Blended Portland Cement: reduce mixing water, bleeding, hydration heat. Enhance sulfate resistance, workability.
Portland-Pozzolan Cement: Better ultimate strength